middle ages rpg

The life of a nobleman in the Middle Ages was marked by responsibilities, privileges and a life of luxury: Responsibilities The nobles had a number of responsibilities, such as defending the kingdom, administering justice, maintaining law and order, and enforcing the laws. Privileges The nobles received land and servants from the king, and could grant privileges. Luxury life The nobles adopted habits of ostentatious luxury, such as the purchase of fiefdoms, castles and noble titles. Land ownership The nobles were landowners, and were called feudal lords. Servo control The nobles controlled land and had serfs working on their domains. Organization of fiefdoms The nobles built castles on these lands, organizing fiefdoms, where servants could plant and raise animals. Military life The nobility was the class that held military power and went to war when necessary. Religious life Some nobles turned to religious life, occupying some type of clerical position. Feudal society was based on estates, that is, divided into classes with very well-defined functions, and in which social advancement was quite difficult.

Soldiers in the Middle Ages were made up of knights, mercenaries and recruits. Knights were the elite of mounted warriors and formed the basis of feudal armies. Knights Armament Full body armor, shield, helmet, neck and joint protection, and shoulder, leg and chest coverings Training They dedicated their lives, starting to ride horses and take lessons in good manners at the age of 7 Investiture ritual 24-hour fast, purifying bath, prayer, tunic, sword, helmet and shield, oath on the Bible Code of behavior Rules of chivalry, obsessed with honor, both in peace and in war Mercenaries were hired for military campaigns, and recruits fulfilled their feudal obligations. The vassals, assisted by their servants, were responsible for law and order in the fief. In return for the fief, the vassal agreed to provide military service to his lord.

In addition to the knights (miles), men that the feudal lords were obliged to present (lances), the cavalry was made up of squires, knights of religious orders and councils (also known as "villain knights") and "knights of the golden spur" (these were rich, but without nobility). Each lance formed a line formed by its leader, designated as a man-at-arms, by his squire, by the page, two mounted archers or crossbowmen and by a swordsman. Five or six lines formed a banner, subordinate to a leader. And a certain number of banners constituted a company of men-at-arms. The warrior monks of the military orders of the Temple, the Hospitallers, Calatrava (later the Order of Avis) and Santiago de Espada played a very important role in the struggles of the Crusades. The grand master of each order exercised supreme command over these permanent militias, in which the professed knights and soldiers, servants and farmers of the lands of these monastic-military orders served as officers. They were also responsible for treating the sick and wounded and, even in times of peace, they regularly carried out military training exercises. They were responsible for defending the border regions, where castles were set up to serve as the Christians' advance guard against Muslim lands. Unlike other military personnel, warrior monks did not receive pay and had to live off the income from their orders.

In this composition of the cavalry of the hosts, the pawns occupied the last place, that is, those who owned properties of lesser value. Obligated to military service, the knights-villains did not receive remuneration for this activity, but their lands were exempt from the jugada tax. Such knights were equated with noble infants and were even exempt from paying toll duties. Also in the anúduvas they did not need to perform manual labor. Yes, they directed the work of pedestrians. The latter paid for the play.

When first used, the term "chivalry" meant skill in handling horses. The elite warrior of the Middle Ages distinguished himself from peasants, clergy, and themselves by his skill as a rider and warrior. Strong, swift horses, beautiful and efficient weapons, and well-made armor were symbols of status. By the 12th century, chivalry had become a way of life.

Gautier's Ten Commandments of chivalry, established in 1891, are:[1] You must believe everything the Church teaches and you must observe all its instructions. You must defend the Church. You must respect all the weak and become their defender. You will love the country where you were born. You will not retreat before your enemy. You must wage war against the infidel without ceasing and without mercy. You must scrupulously fulfill your feudal duties, if they are not contrary to the laws of God. You will never lie and you will remain true to your promised word. You must be generous and give generosity to everyone.[2] You must be everywhere and always the champion of Right and Good against Injustice and Evil.

In practice, knights and aristocrats ignored the code of chivalry when it suited them. Hostilities between nobles and land disputes took precedence over the code. The Germanic tribal custom that the chieftain's estates were divided among his sons rather than passed to the eldest often led to wars between brothers over spoils. An example of this was the conflict between Charlemagne's grandsons. The Middle Ages were also a period of civil wars, in which the peasants were usually the big losers. In the late Middle Ages, kings created orders of chivalry, which were exclusive organizations of distinguished knights who swore obedience to the king and the other members of the order. Becoming a member of an order of chivalry was extremely prestigious, making a man one of the most important in the kingdom. In 1347, during the Hundred Years' War, Edward III of England founded the Order of the Garter, which still exists today. This order consisted of the 25 best knights in England and was founded to ensure their loyalty to the king and dedication to victory in war. The Order of the Golden Fleece was established by Philip the Good of Burgundy in 1430 and became the richest and most powerful order in Europe. Louis XI of France established the Order of St. Michael to control his most important nobles. The Orders of Calatrava, Santiago and Alcantara were founded to expel the Moors from Spain. They were unified by Ferdinand of Aragon, whose marriage to Isabella of Castile laid the foundation for a single Spanish kingdom. He became master of all three orders, although they remained separate. Medieval chivalry played an important role in the battles of the Middle Ages.

The nobility received a piece of land and servants from the king. Then, the nobles built castles on these lands, organizing fiefdoms, where the servants could plant and raise animals — what was sold from this generated profit for the noble, or feudal lord.

The king's life in the Middle Ages was marked by a feudal regime, which was characterized by non-absolute power and a vassalage relationship with the nobles: The king did not have absolute power, as his power depended on the territory that belonged to him and the vassalage he achieved. The king was a fragile figure, who only guaranteed his position of power with the support of other nobles and military leaders. The relationship of suzerainty and vassalage was one of the main forms of political organization in the Middle Ages. The nobles received a piece of land and servants from the king, and built castles on that land. Feudal lords controlled the fiefdoms, and labor was servile. Serfs were expected to pay taxes and work for their lords and clergy. The Catholic Church exerted great influence within the fiefdoms.

Life of a King, a feudal lord and a priest They lived in the most impressive castles, had servants for everything and supported themselves thanks to the taxes paid by the feudal lords. It was believed that the king was a representative of divine will and, therefore, received all these privileges.

The King ⚜️ - The King in the Middle Ages did not have absolute power, his power depended on the territory that belonged to him or the vassalage he achieved. Europe was divided into portions of territories, called fiefdoms, which had their respective owners, the feudal lords.

The nobles were the social class that held the military forces and a considerable portion of the land available in the feudal world. Through these prerogatives, they occupied important political functions alongside the clergy that marked the period. Furthermore, we see that within this class there was a hierarchy that reveals the distinctions and social roles that a member of the noble class could assume. The high nobility included princes, archdukes, dukes, marquises and counts. Those belonging to this subgroup of the nobility were large landowners who had strong political influence and amassed their authority over a considerable number of vassals. In many cases, given the extent of their influence, a member of the high nobility would be more important than the king himself.

Among the lesser-known landowners, we can highlight the presence of viscounts, barons and knights. Knights were the subjects who best expressed the military organization established throughout the medieval period. When they owned land, the knight was able to dedicate himself solely to improving his fighting techniques and the use of weapons. In other cases, the knight submitted to the power of a feudal lord in exchange for some benefit that provided him with sustenance. In addition to being one of the pillars of feudal society, knights also influenced the culture of their time. Within medieval literature, we can see that several songs of deeds and epic romances explored the legendary heroism and moral values ​​of this figure. In the 12th century, the stories of King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table immortalized the sense of justice and spirit of adventure of fictional characters such as Lancelot and Tristan.

The Catholic Church was the most important religious institution in medieval Europe, playing a central role in society, culture and politics: Spirituality The Catholic Church was the mediator between the divine and human beings, offering moral guidance, religious rituals, and the promise of salvation. Power The Catholic Church was one of the richest and most powerful institutions of the time, holding large land holdings and wealth. Political influence The Catholic Church had a complex relationship with secular rulers, involving conflicts and alliances. The pope was an influential political figure, and the Church played a role in the coronation of kings. Education The Catholic Church maintained several educational institutions, and many of the teachers of the period were members of the clergy. Health and social assistance The Catholic Church maintained hospitals, orphanages, asylums, leper colonies and other charitable institutions. Justice The Catholic Church had exclusive jurisdiction and competence to administer justice in some cases, judging based on Canon Law. Preservation of order and peace The Catholic Church instituted the Truce of God, which prohibited fighting on certain days of the month and on religious dates. The Catholic Church was the only religion in Western Europe, and faith was the dominant force in the lives of medieval man.

The Medieval Church is the name given to the Catholic Church during the Middle Ages. This institution played a central role in Europe in several ways: in addition to being the main religious institution, it also played a significant role in politics, culture and education. It acted as a moral authority that shaped the ethics and values ​​of medieval society, mediated conflicts and often mediated disputes between secular rulers. Furthermore, the Church played a vital role in preserving classical knowledge, establishing monasteries and schools that copied ancient manuscripts and promoted education. Gothic architecture, funded by the Church, left a legacy of impressive cathedrals and colorful stained glass windows. However, the Church's work also led to religious divisions and conflicts, such as the creation of the Inquisition to combat heresy.

In the Middle Ages, the Catholic Church persecuted and condemned people who did not agree with its dogmas, considered heretics, through the Inquisition: Inquisition Created in the 13th century, the Inquisition, also known as the Court of the Holy Office, was responsible for investigating, judging and condemning heretics. The Inquisition was responsible for the deaths of thousands of people, including Jews, Arabs and Christians. Massacre of populations The Church also massacred populations that had no relationship with heresies, to maintain its spiritual authority. Torture Torture was a method used to extract confessions from heretics. The main torture was the easel, a machine that pulled the person's limbs until they dislocated. The Catholic Church was one of the richest and most powerful institutions of the time, with great influence on culture, society and politics. The Church preached that it was necessary to donate goods to have salvation in eternal life.

the citizens: Medieval society was class-based, meaning it did not allow for social ascension. At the top of the pyramid was the clergy, just below came the nobility, and at the base were the servants, the only ones who worked and supported the upper classes. Agriculture became the main economic activity. During this period, citizenship was far from being universal; only those who possessed material wealth and land properties were considered citizens. In the Middle Ages, with feudalism, citizenship encountered obstacles, with numerous aspects that made its existence unfeasible.

At the time, the social and political organization was feudalism: the economy was based on servile labor (the serfs, or servants, worked in exchange for protection and use of the land), subsistence agriculture (a system of agricultural production that offered survival to the farmer and his family through the planting of fruits...

women: The lives of women in the Middle Ages were marked by a series of limitations and submission, but also by some advances and achievements: Social role Women were seen as wives, mothers and daughters, but they also played other social roles such as working and conducting business. Submission Medieval society was patriarchal, dominated by men, and women were considered inferior and submissive to men. Guardianship: Women were legally protected and had to be dependent on their father and husband. Advances The Church recognized the value of women and determined that rape was a crime against women. Business Many women conducted business independently, taking over their husbands' businesses or forming their own corporations. The Middle Ages were a time dominated by Catholic theological thought that opened the West to equality between the sexes. However, the patriarchy of the Church and the aristocracy continued to place restrictions on women, even into the Renaissance.

Women were stigmatized in the Middle Ages because they were considered physically and intellectually inferior, being seen as evil beings responsible for men's misfortunes. Feudal society was, without a doubt, patriarchal. A time dominated by men: feudal lords, knights, priests and monks. The dominant rule in the Middle Ages was that a woman should be submissive and dependent on her father and husband, in addition to being legally protected.

the kingdoms:The kingdoms in the Middle Ages were characterized by: Decentralization of power Political power was centralized within the fiefdom, but decentralized in relation to the Western European continent. Relations of suzerainty and vassalage The king (suzerain) and the nobles (vassals) established bonds of loyalty between themselves. The vassals received a fief (land) and were obliged to assist their suzerain. Government by members of the Germanic nobility Most kingdoms were ruled by members of the nobility of Germanic descent. Formation of feudalism Feudalism was a consequence of the fusion of the concepts of government of Germanic culture and Roman culture. Ruralization of Europe The economy was based on agriculture, and Europe became very ruralized. Other aspects of the Middle Ages include: The society was class-based, meaning it did not allow for social advancement. The Medieval Catholic Church played an important role in society. Medieval culture was heavily influenced by Christianity. The art and architecture of this period included styles such as Romanesque and Gothic.

children: The lives of children in the Middle Ages were marked by some characteristics, such as: Child's vision Children were seen as miniature adults, with no distinctions between the two age groups. Therefore, they worked in the same places, wore the same clothes and learned daily tasks. Inclusion in adult life From the age of seven, children were already inserted into adult life and began to be productive in the family economy. Family The family in the Middle Ages was based on the union of man and woman and future children. Marriage was seen as a contract between the couple. Education The Church was responsible for the education of children, which took place in schools attached to cathedrals or monastic schools. Education was directed towards obedience to the family and social hierarchy. Youth Youth was related to freedom and violence, and ended with marriage and inheritance.

In the Middle Ages, princes were sovereigns de jure or de facto, and the title of prince was the main one in the High Middle Ages. The lives of nobles and royalty in the Middle Ages were characterized by: Receipt of lands and servants from the king Construction of castles on the lands received Organization of fiefdoms, where servants could plant crops and raise animals Profit generated by the sale of what was produced in the fiefdoms Monopolization of the main productive means and banking houses Investment in symbolic capital, such as the purchase of fiefdoms, castles and titles of nobility Life of ostentatious luxury Fabrication of mythical genealogies Use of coats of arms The cavalry was the nobility's main defense mechanism, and was formed exclusively by nobles. Knights were considered the most refined and refined fighters of the time, and were expected to be pure in thought and actions.

The life of princesses in the Middle Ages was not easy and was marked by political interests. They were treated as "pawns" and rarely ascended to the throne as queens. Feudal society was based on estates, that is, it was divided into classes with well-defined functions. Social advancement was very difficult. Women's education in the Middle Ages varied according to social class: The ladies of society had a certain level of education and culture, they knew how to read and write, and many were fluent in Latin and Greek. Outside of the privileged environment, women's education was oriented towards marriage, children, private life and responsibilities. Women were to be educated to be caring mothers, role models for their daughters and educators of morality and faith.

Parties in the Middle Ages were luxurious, crowded and copious, and were marked by a series of entertainments. Among the activities that took place at parties were: Eating in good company, Listening to music, Watching theatrical performances, and Paying homage to the host. Royal banquets had two stages: the preparation of medieval bread and the tasting, accompanied by jams, jellies, cakes, fruits, grape juice and cheese. European courts also had court jesters, who performed various entertainment services, such as singing, dancing, playing instruments, telling stories, writing poetry, acrobatics and juggling. Luxurious, copious and well attended, in addition to having lots of entertainment, they were splendid parties in which not only did people eat very well, but they also listened to special music, watched theatrical performances and, above all, were moments to highlight the status of the noble who offered the banquet. Dancing, music, fighting and some types of games and sports were the most popular forms of entertainment for this social class. Musical instruments were often made by the peasants and workers themselves, with different shapes and sounds depending on the region of Europe, as well as the types of fighting. During the Middle Ages, personal birthday celebrations were rarer and often limited to royalty and nobility. Most common people did not have the resources to celebrate their own birthdays, and the emphasis was on religious festivals and seasonal festivities.

the pope:The pope in the Middle Ages was the head of the Catholic Church, successor of Saint Peter, the founder of the Church. Popes were members of the high clergy, along with cardinals and bishops, and belonged to noble families. The medieval papacy played an important role in the history of Europe, promoting cultural and religious unity, evangelization, defending Catholic orthodoxy, encouraging the arts and sciences, and organizing the crusades. Some popes from the Middle Ages: Gregory I: Considered the first medieval pope, he lived between 590 and 604. Innocent III: Lived between 1198 and 1216 and led the papacy to a period of splendor. The institution of the papacy as a legal and institutional authority was only consolidated in the 8th century. The pope was the head of the ecclesiastical hierarchy, which included priests, bishops, and archbishops, and had influence over kings and emperors, who often depended on his support or feared excommunication. The pope also controlled vast lands and wealth, which gave him economic and political power.

Heretics in the Middle Ages were people who went against the dogmas of Catholicism and were persecuted by the Church, which considered their ideas a threat to the Christian faith. The Catholic Church considered that the true teachings were its own, derived from Christ, and that anyone who denied these teachings would be a heretic. The Church fought heresies through the Court of the Holy Office, also known as the Inquisition, which investigated and condemned the accused. Those accused of heresy were arrested, interrogated, tortured, and usually sentenced to death at the stake. Some examples of medieval heresies and the groups that defended them were: Waldensians: They defended detachment from material things and did not submit to the authority of the Church. Albigensians: They denied the divinity of Christ and did not recognize the ecclesiastical authority of the Church. Cathars: Secret group that believed the Pope was a heretic.