Russia 90s RPG

History of the 90s of Russia

1990 This year can be safely called a turning point in the history of the country, it was at this time that Russia embarked on the path of reforms that completely changed the lives of millions of people, changed the maps of the world and became the first bricks in the foundation of the dashing 90s. It was then that it became finally clear that the old political system of developed socialism in its existing form was unviable in the republics of the USSR. Laws allowing private property and a multi-party system were adopted. However, instead of improving the lives of the residents of the then Soviet Union, this led to the opposite result. The so-called "Sovereignty Parade" began, when almost all the republics declared that they wanted independence. And already on December 25, Mikhail Gorbachev announced that he was terminating his activities as President of the USSR. Just a few hours later? The state flag of the USSR was lowered from the flagpole of the Moscow Kremlin and the state flag of the Russian Federation was raised, but the official date of the termination of the existence of the Soviet Union is considered to be December 26, 1991, it was on this day that the Council of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR adopted a declaration, which officially stated that such a country no longer exists.

Politics 90s

In the first years of his reign, even before the adoption of the new Constitution, the structure of political institutions inherited from the country of the Soviets was preserved. The permanent Supreme Council and the temporarily convened Congress of People's Deputies continued to function. From the very beginning, the Supreme Council was in opposition to Yeltsin's government. Yeltsin's government was characterized by a large number of young politicians, public figures, scientists. They were progressive-minded people, but they had no experience in managing a huge country.

Food shortage 90s

The artificial shortage of food in the 1990s was created not at the stage of production, but in the sphere of distribution. 12 For example, tobacco factories were closed throughout the country at the same time under various pretexts, sending workers on vacation. Although stocks of food and consumer goods were in warehouses, they were forbidden to be brought back to large industrial centers, and those that had already been delivered were not unloaded from the wagons. At the same time, there was no hunger as such in the 1990s. There was everything in the stores, but not everyone had enough money to buy even the most necessary. Due to the cash shortage, barter and netting were widespread. According to official Rosstat data, the lowest level of food consumption in the country was recorded in the 1990s

Bandit shection 90s

In the 90s, showdowns between bandit groups due to the division of property, roofing, racketeering and other illegal actions brought with them not only many problems, but also a lot of deaths.The rampant crime in the 90s is a consequence of the collapse of a huge country, the redistribution of its property, the seizure of spheres of influence and, first of all, the thirst for profit.

European things in Russia in the 90s

In the 1990s, many European things appeared in Russia. For example, boots, rubber skirts, huge T-shirts, gaucho pants, jackets and pullovers with a "bat" sleeve, leggings, Angora sweaters, large velvet rims, jackets with huge shoulders were in fashion. The first Western things could be bought in the Stockmann store, which appeared in GUM in 1989. It sold products of Karl Lagerfeld, Moschino, Alberta Ferretti, Sergio Rossi, Wolford brands. European goods were also brought from abroad through the shuttle business. For example, in the mid-1990s, shuttles from Turkey and Greece carried leather jackets, raincoats and fur coats made of natural fur.

Economy of Russia 90

In the 1990s, Russia's economy experienced a deep recession. It was accompanied by a surge in inflation, a decrease in investments, an increase in external debt, barterization of the economy, a decrease in incomes of the population. Some measures of economic reform of that period: Liberalization of prices and trade. Already on January 2, 1992, the prices for 90% of consumer goods were released. This measure caused a sharp increase in prices and a decrease in the purchasing power of the population. Financial stabilization. State orders and state financing, lending have been reduced, savings in the budget and social sphere have been introduced. Privatization. It took place in two stages: voucher (dispossion of vouchers to the population with the promise of receiving dividends from privatized enterprises in the future) and monetary (sale at mortgage auctions for money of shares of enterprises that remained in state ownership by that time). Structural restructuring of the economy. Reduction of the industry of group A (producing means of production), conversion (transfer of military enterprises to the production of civilian products), closure of unprofitable enterprises. In general, in 1992-1999, Russia's GDP decreased by 35%. Many industries were destroyed, and modern, knowledge-intensive industries - electronics, mechanical engineering, aircraft construction - suffered the most. Research costs were reduced by 10-20 times. The main industry was those that extracted natural resources (primarily oil). In August 1998, the strongest economic crisis in the modern history of Russia broke out, as a result of which the national currency collapsed. Imports of goods were sharply reduced, which again led to a deficit. By the end of the 1990s, Russia had become a country with a market economy. The default of 1998, which shocked the country, led to the adoption of a realistic budget for the next year.

Education 90s

In the 1990s, the education system in Russia was in crisis. There were no standards of education and textbooks, there was a catastrophic shortage of funding. In 1992, the law "On Education" was issued, according to which Russian children had to graduate from at least nine grades (in the USSR - 11 grades), in grades 10-11 they now studied at will. There was a differentiation of schools: gymnasiums were distinguished, where the emphasis was on humanitarian subjects, and lyceums, where more attention was paid to natural science disciplines. In many schools there are specialized classes: mathematics, humanitarian, natural. Private educational institutions became an alternative to public schools. In 1996, there were more than 500 of them (for comparison, in 1991 - less than 100). Not everyone had an educational license, the quality of education in private schools in the first years of their existence was not controlled in any way. The higher education system in Russia has been commercialized. Many private universities appeared (in 1997 - more than 250), but also in state universities some places were provided to students on a contractual (paid) basis.

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