Anubis

ANUBIS

Anubis (/əˈnjuːbᵻs/; in Classical Greek: Ἄνουβις) or Anupo is, in the pantheon of Ancient Egypt, the god of the dead and dying, who guided and led souls to the world of the dead. He is represented with the head of a jackal, although the most conservative Egyptologists claim that there is no way to know for sure which animal he represents. of worship: AssiutCinópolis Symbol: Fetish of Imiutmangual Genealogy Spouse(s): Anput Parents: Nephthys and Seti or Osiris Only Ra Child(ren): Kebechet

BIOGRAPHY

He is associated with mummification and the afterlife in Egyptian mythology, and is also associated with the protection of the pyramids. In the Egyptian language, Anubis was known as Inpu (also spelled Anup, Anpu, and Ienpw). The earliest mention of Anubis is in the Pyramid Texts of the Old Kingdom, where he is often associated with the burial of the Pharaoh. At the time, Anubis was the most important god of the dead, but during the Middle Kingdom, Osiris came to have the role of the primordial god of the dead, while Anubis had lesser functions such as preparing the body and embalming the dead, in addition to being the protector of the mummification process. He assumes names linked to his funerary role, such as He who stands upon his mountain, which highlights his importance as protector of the dead and their tombs, and the title He who stands at the place of embalming, associating him with the mummification process. Like many Egyptian deities, Anubis assumed several roles in various contexts, and no public procession in Egypt was held without a representation of Anubis marching at its beginning. Anubis's wife is the goddess Anput, his feminine aspect, and his daughter is the goddess Kebechet. The Egyptians believed that in the judgment of a dead person, their heart was weighed on a scale and the Feather of Truth (which belonged to Thoth's consort, Maat, the goddess of truth). If the heart was heavier than the feather, the deceased was eaten by Ammit (a demon whose body was composed of hybrid parts of a lion, hippopotamus and crocodile), but if it was lighter, the person in question could have access to paradise or the soul would return to the body. Anubis was the one who guided the souls of the dead.

HE WHO PRESIDES OVER THE EMBALSMING ROOM

The best-known function of the god Anubis is expressed in the epithet imy-out ("He who presides over the embalming room"), which is specifically attributed to him. The precise meaning of this expression is not clearly established. The word out is related to mummification and more particularly to the wrapping of the bodies, while the priests who participate in the wrapping of the bodies are designated by the generic term out. As a noun, the word out also refers to the place where the mummification ritual takes place. It is also possible that this word is related to the term ouhat "oasis", a place from which many products come, such as the resins necessary for the preservation of the bodies. Under the Ptolemaic dynasty, the toponym Out designated the necropolis of the 17th century in Upper Egypt, a sacred place strongly linked to Anubis.

HE WHO PRESIDES OVER THE DIVINE PAVILION

The epithet khenty seh netjer, "He who presides over the divine pavilion", appears regularly in the earliest forms of inscribed offerings during the Old Kingdom, on the walls of private mastabas, as well as on the text pyramids of the rulers of the Sixth Dynasty. The seh netjer is a temporary structure (tent) or a durable structure (building), a liminal place located between the world of the living and the world of the dead, a sort of entrance hall to the necropolis. It is a place where Anubis exercises his protection over corpses, in the process of transformation during mummification. The chest that represents a temple or a naos and on which Anubis is often depicted lying is perhaps a representation of the seh netjer.

MUMMIFICATION

After being torn apart by his brother Seti, Osiris has his body embalmed by Anubis, making him the first mummy, and making him the god of embalming. The priests of Anubis, called stm, wore jackal masks during the mummification rituals. Anubis is one of the oldest deities in Egyptian mythology, and his role changed as the myths matured, going from the chief god of the underworld to judge of the dead after Osiris assumed that role. Anubis's funerary role is very important, because after mummification the Egyptians believed that the heart was given to the god Anubis; he weighed it together with the Feather of Truth: if the heart was heavier than the feather, it was weighed with evil and Ammit, the lion god, ate it; but if he was light in kindness, Anubis would take him in a boat to cross the Nile River to go to the god Osiris, god of death and the underworld, to the world of the dead, to live the "afterlife"

FAMILY

His mother is Nephthys, who during a quarrel with her husband Seti posed as Isis and had relations with Osiris. Anubis is the father of Qeb-hwt, also known as Kebechet. In later times, Anubis was combined with the Greek god Hermes, thus creating Hermanubis.

PAPER

Anubis played a crucial role in Egyptian mythology, especially regarding funerary rituals and the afterlife.

REPRESENTATION

He was frequently depicted with the head of a jackal, an animal sacred to the Egyptians, possibly due to its association with nature, wisdom, and protection.

RESPONSIBILITIES

Anubis was the god of embalming, responsible for guiding the dead to the underworld and for the mummification process.

COURT OF SOULS

Anubis was the judge of the tribunal of souls, where he weighed the hearts of the dead against a feather of Maat (justice and truth) to determine if they were worthy of entering the underworld.

Egyptian Religion

Anubis was a central figure in ancient Egyptian religion, with cults and rituals performed in his honor.

OTHER ASSOCIATIONS

In addition to his association with death and embalming, Anubis was also seen as a protector of the dead and the pyramids.