Russia

Flag of the Russian Federation

Its design consists of a rectangle with a width-to-length ratio of 2:3, divided into horizontal stripes of equal width, the colors being, from top to bottom: white, blue and red. The colors of the flag originate from the pan-Slavic colors. Two other Slavic countries, Slovakia and Slovenia, have more similar flags, but with the addition of national coats of arms for differentiation.

A popular legend places the origin of the Russian flag in a visit that Tsar Peter the Great made to the Netherlands in 1699. The tsar was there to learn about shipbuilding, and realized that his future navy needed a flag. So he created a flag based on the Dutch one (the Dutch flag at the time was orange, white, and blue). In fact, this story is not true, as a German flag book dated 1695 described a flag similar to this as the flag of the Muscovite tsar, and the first ship of the Russian navy, the Oryol, was already flying this flag when it was launched in 1667. These three colors come from the coat of arms of Moscow, in which Saint George appears in white armor, riding a white horse, carrying a blue shield and cape, on a red background, although in another version, these colors are those of the garments of the Virgin Mary, patron saint of Russia. This flag was used as a naval ensign from the 17th century onwards and was adopted by the merchant navy in 1705. On 7 May 1883, its use on land was authorised, and it then became the national flag of Russia. Another flag used officially in Russia from 1858 to 1883, and unofficially from 1883 to 1917, was another tricolor of black, yellow (or gold), and white. These three colors were derived from the colors of the imperial coat of arms.

After the Russian Revolution of 1917, the Bolsheviks adopted a red flag with the Cyrillic acronym РСФСР (RSFSP — Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic) in the upper left corner, inside a rectangle. The flag was changed in 1920 and 1937, but without major differences from the original, only the calligraphy of the acronym was changed and the rectangle was removed. In 1954, there was a more radical change, and a flag similar to that of the Soviet Union was adopted, with the small difference that it now had a vertical blue stripe on the right side of the flag. During the civil war before the founding of the Soviet state, the tsarists used the tricolor flag as a symbol of reaction, linking the rebirth of the nation with the resurrection of Christ. During World War II, the tricolor flag was used by the Russian Liberation Army, a Nazi association in the Soviet Union. In 1991 the original flag was re-adopted, albeit in a 1:2 ratio and in a lighter shade of blue; in 1993 the 1883 version was fully restored, both in size and colors. The occasion is celebrated to this day in Russia on the so-called "Flag Day" (August 22).

Between 1997 and 1998, during the many debates held regarding the use of the flag, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, members of the Democratic Party of Russia and the Democracy group proposed replacing the tricolor flag of the Russian Federation with reformed versions of the Soviet flag or the flag of the former Soviet republic of Russia.[1][2] Gennady Seleznev, a State Duma deputy, recalled: Under the tricolor flag the Vlasovians fought[3] — whom the veterans so revile in their countless letters.[1] In 2003, Communist Party member Armen Beniaminov raised the Soviet flag over the National Duma, and was later denounced for insulting national symbols.[4]

Russia, located on two continents, is the largest country in the world in terms of area. Its economy is focused on the extractive industry, with emphasis on oil and natural gas. Flag of Russia. Flag of Russia. Russia is the largest country in the world in terms of land area, and is located on two continents: Europe and Asia. Despite being one of the most populous nations on the planet, it has a low population density. One of the predominant climates in the country is the Humid Continental, with areas where a Polar climate occurs. Its relief is divided between plains and plateaus and is home to the highest elevation in Europe: Mount Elbrus. The country is one of the world's leading producers and exporters of oil and natural gas. Read also: What are the 20 largest countries in the world?

- Orthodox: 44.6% - Unknown: 31% - Islam: 10.7% - Non-religious and atheists: 8.2% - Other Christian religions: 3.6% - Other religions: 2% Population: 145,934,000 inhabitants (UN, 2020) Demographic density: 8.9 inhabitants/km² (UN, 2020)

Human Development Index (HDI): 0.824 Currency: Russian Ruble (₽; RUB) Gross Domestic Product (GDP): US$1.7 trillion (World Bank, 2019) GDP per capita: US$ 11,584.99 Gini: 0.375 Time zone: 11 time zones in total Foreign relations: - Brics - Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) - Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) - World Bank - UN (permanent member of the Security Council) - IMF - G-20 History of Russia The occupation of Russian territory took place gradually as different peoples settled in the vast area of the country. The annexation of new territories occurred mainly after the tsarism, which began in the mid-16th century. This system only came to an end with the Russian Revolution of 1917. This, in turn, occurred at the same time as the conflicts of the First World War, which had repercussions on Russian territory in such a way as to accelerate popular uprisings. The transformations in the country's political system resulting from the events of 1917 gave rise to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR).

With the end of World War II, the world found itself immersed in the Cold War, a political and ideological conflict between the United States (capitalist bloc) and the Soviet Union (socialist bloc). Internal factors associated with the economy and the political regime made it difficult for the USSR to continue, and reforms carried out between the 1980s and 1990s led to the end of the bloc and the economic reopening of Russia. See also: History of Moscow: foundation and trajectory of the largest city in Russia Map of Russia Map of Russia Geography of Russia Russia is the largest country in the world in terms of territorial extension. It has an area of 17,098,246 km² (UN, 2020), which extends across two continents: Europe and Asia. With a coastline of 37,653 km, it borders the Arctic Ocean to the north. The west of Russian territory is in Europe and borders the following countries: Norway Finland Estonia Latvia Belarus Ukraine Georgia Azerbaijan northwest Kazakhstan The Kaliningrad oblast is also located in Eastern Europe, between Lithuania and Poland. The Asian portion of Russian territory, in addition to part of Kazakhstan, borders Mongolia, China and a narrow strip of North Korea.

The Ural Mountains act as a physical border between the European and Asian continents, separating Russia into western and eastern. Climate Russia's longitudinal extension allows for the occurrence of several climate types, which are more influenced by continentality and high latitudes. The humid continental climate is predominant in its western part, marked by mild temperatures and the highest precipitation rates in the country, which vary between 600 mm and 700 mm. The southeast, due to the influence of the mountainous relief, is characterized by a high thermal amplitude, responsible for very cold winters and hot summers. Northern Russia is characterized by harsh winters, low temperatures for most of the year and low precipitation. These areas are dominated by subarctic and arctic (or polar) climates. This is where the Siberia region is located, where temperatures can reach as low as -43 ºC. Relief The Russian relief can be divided into two areas. The first is the plains, which extend from the west to the central lands of the country. One exception is the Ural Mountains, where the highest elevation reaches 1,895 meters. Also in the southwest of Russia is Mount Elbrus, the highest elevation in Russia and the highest peak in Europe, at 5,642 meters. In the east, the terrain is rugged, marked by the presence of plateaus. The average altitude of the vast Russian territory is 600 meters. Vegetation An area in the northern part of Russia is essentially covered by ice and is devoid of vegetation. As one moves towards regions with milder temperatures, the landscape changes. The country's vegetation cover is marked by the presence of species characteristic of the tundra and taiga biomes. In the lower latitudes, there are areas covered by deciduous forests. Hydrography

One of the country's main rivers is the Volga, which is also the longest in Europe, at 3,530 km. The Lena is the longest watercourse in Russia, at 4,400 km. Other important rivers that flow through Russian territory are the Ob, Yenisei, Amur and Don. View of Mount Elbrus, the highest peak in Russia and the European continent. Demographics of Russia Russia's population is 145,934,000, according to UN estimates for 2020, with the majority living in the European part of the country. Despite having one of the largest populations in the world, Russia has a very low population density of just 8.9 inhabitants per square kilometer. The Russian population is currently growing at a rate of 0.1% per year. The capital, Moscow, is the most populous city in Russia, with 12,476,200 inhabitants (UN, 2019). Next in line is Saint Petersburg, with 5.5 million inhabitants. In total, 76.4% of the Russian population lives in urban areas. Russia is made up of people of many nationalities and ethnic groups, including Tatars, Bashkirs, Chuvashes and Chechens, who together make up 6.8% of the population. Ukrainians make up 1.4%, while those born in Russia make up 77.7% of the population, according to 2010 estimates. The median age of the population is 40.3 years, while life expectancy at birth in the country is 72.16 years. See also: The 20 most populous cities in the world Economy of Russia Russia's gross domestic product (GDP) is approximately $1.7 trillion. More than 60% of this amount comes from the service sector, which also accounts for the largest share of the country's workforce. The secondary sector accounts for 32.7% of Russia's GDP. The country's industry is essentially basic, that is, focused on the development of production goods and raw materials. The Russian extractive industry produces metals, chemical compounds, oil, coal and natural gas. The country also develops transport and communication equipment, vehicles and aircraft.

1218. The country's railway network, at 87,157 km, is the third largest in the world, behind only the United States and China. The country's road network totals 1,283,387 km. Government of Russia Russia is a semi-presidential federal republic. The country has a president and a prime minister, who are, respectively, the head of state and the head of government. The Russian Assembly is the main body of the country's legislative power, consisting of two chambers: the Duma (lower house) and the Federation Council (upper house). Flag of Russia

Interesting facts about Russia The first artificial satellite to be launched into space was the Soviet Sputnik 1. Its launch took place on October 4, 1957. The city of Yakutsk, in the northeast of the country, is known as the coldest city in the world. The lowest temperature ever recorded was -63.8 °C, while the average winter temperature is around -40 °C. Located in Russia, on the border with Mongolia, is the oldest and deepest lake in the world: Lake Baikal, 1,700 meters deep and approximately 25 million years old. The Trans-Siberian Railway is the longest railway in the world. The route between Moscow and Vladivostok is 9,288 km long and can be covered in seven or eight days. Notice |1| The World Fact book – CIA. Russia. Available at:<https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/russia/> . Accessed on February 26, 2021. Frequently Asked Questions What is the currency of Russia? Currency: Russian Ruble (₽; RUB) Why is Russia divided into two continents? Russia is the largest country in the world in terms of territorial extension. It has an area of 17,098,246 km² (UN, 2020), which extends across two continents: Europe and Asia. What is the language of Russia? The language of Russia is Russian.

The Russian flag is a tricolor with horizontal stripes in white, blue and red - from top to bottom. All stripes are the same height and the flag has a ratio of 2:3, that is, if it is made 2 meters wide, it should be 3 meters long. The flag in the colors white, blue and red was first used in 1705 by merchant ships. The function of the flag was to allow the ship to be identified by other vessels. After the Russian Revolution, the flag became red with a hammer, sickle and star. This flag was used until the fall of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) in 1991, when the tricolor flag was reinstated.

Current flag of Russia. The History of the Russian Flag The history of the Russian flag can be best understood by dividing it between the imperial period and the Russian Revolution until the fall of the Soviet Union. Understand: Imperial Russia It is believed that the Russian flag was inspired by the flag of the Netherlands, also known as Holland. During a visit to that country, Russian Emperor Peter I came to the conclusion that, like the Netherlands, its navy needed a flag. Peter I decided that the navy's flag would be the same colors as the Dutch flag, but in a different order: white at the top, blue in the middle and red at the base. This flag began to be used by Russian merchant ships in 1705. Initially used only on ships, in 1883 its use on land was authorized and in 1896 it became the country's official flag. The colors of the Russian flag also represent Pan-Slavism, a 19th-century political and sociocultural movement that sought to unite the Slavic peoples - peoples originating from the Russian region who spread across the European continent. Countries such as Serbia, Czech Republic, Slovenia, Slovakia and Croatia also use pan-Slavic colors on their flags. See also: Empire. The Russian Revolution In 1917 the Russian Revolution took place, a popular uprising that abolished the monarchy and established a government based on socialist ideals. One year after the revolution, in 1918, the tricolor flag was replaced by the socialist flag. Initially, the flag was red and in the upper left corner it bore the initials of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.

Over the years, the country's flag has undergone changes, but the main and best-known flag - another name given to the flags - is the red one, with a crossed hammer and sickle, and a five-pointed star on top. Flag of the USSR Flag of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. See also the meaning of revolution. Fall of the Soviet Union In 1991, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was dissolved and the tricolor flag was once again used in the country. However, it was only in 1993 that it became the national flag, with the specifications used to this day. Symbolism of flags used in Russia Imperial flag: white represented God, blue meant the Emperor (Tsar) and the red color alluded to the Russian people. Socialist flag: the hammer represented the industrial workers and the sickle the rural workers, these objects were crossed to represent the union of these two classes of workers. The star at the top represented the dominance of the communist party. Current flag: The current Russian Constitution does not attribute symbolism to the colors of the flag, however it is believed that red symbolizes courage and love, blue faith and honesty and white frankness and nobility.

Presidential Flag Russia has a presidential flag, which is the same as the official flag, but has the country's coat of arms in the middle. The current Russian coat of arms is derived from coats of arms used by Russia over the centuries. It features a double-headed eagle, each facing in a different direction, representing Russian dominance in both the west and the east. Above their heads are three imperial crowns, representing the unification of the provinces of Novgorod and Muscovy, which gave rise to what is now Russia. And in the center is the image of Saint George, the country's patron saint. Presidential flag of Russia Presidential flag of Russia. Learn more about country flags (and their meanings) and the characteristics of communism.

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