Nikolai Pavlovich Romanov

Description.

Nicholas I was the Emperor of Russia from 1825 to 1855. He was born in 1796 and was the third son of Emperor Paul I. Nicholas I is known for his conservative rule and his desire to strengthen absolutism in Russia. His reign was marked by the suppression of the Decembrist uprising in 1825, as well as a number of reforms aimed at modernizing the state. Nicholas I is also known for his foreign policy, which included participation in the Napoleonic Wars and the Crimean War (1853-1856). His reign ended with his death in 1855, and his son Alexander II ascended the throne.

Facts.

1. Decembrist Uprising: Nicholas I ascended the throne after the death of his elder brother Alexander I in 1825. His reign began with the suppression of the Decembrist revolt, a group of officers advocating constitutional reform. 2. Conservative policy: Nicholas I was known for his conservatism and desire to strengthen the absolute monarchy. He introduced strict measures to control society and suppress opposition. 3. Reforms: Despite his conservative position, Nicholas I carried out a number of reforms aimed at modernizing the state. This included reforms in the field of education, the administrative system and infrastructure. 4. Foreign policy: Nicholas I was actively involved in European politics. He supported conservative regimes in Europe and participated in the suppression of the revolutions of 1848-1849. 5. Crimean War: One of the most significant events of his reign was the Crimean War (1853-1856), in which Russia fought against a coalition that included the Ottoman Empire, France, Great Britain and Sardinia. The war ended in defeat for Russia. 6. Cultural heritage: Under Nicholas I, Russia experienced a flourishing of culture and art. This period is known as the "golden age" of Russian literature, when writers such as Alexander Pushkin and Nikolai Gogol created their works. 7. Death: Nicholas I died in 1855, and his son Alexander II ascended the throne.

Achievements.

1. In 1826, a censorship charter was introduced, according to which it was forbidden to print information that had any political overtones. 2. Nicholas I had a negative attitude towards serfdom and considered the issue of its abolition, but later came to the conclusion that such global changes would be even more disastrous. In the 1840s, the emperor issued a number of decrees that expanded the rights of serfs. 3. Under Nicholas I, the Russian Geographical Society was created, and in 1846 the first official yacht club of Russia appeared. 4. In 1837, traffic began on the Tsarskoye Selo railway, which was the first in Russia. In 1851, the Nikolayevskaya railway Petersburg - Moscow was built. 5. The first official anthem of the Russian Empire was created, the author of the music was A. F. Lvov, and the author of the lyrics was the poet V. A. Zhukovsky.

Lesser known facts.

1. Personal participation in suppressing the uprising: Nicholas I personally participated in the suppression of the Decembrist uprising. He showed determination and courage, which helped him gain respect among the military. 2. Construction of railways: Under Nicholas I, active construction of railways began in Russia. The first public railway, connecting St. Petersburg and Tsarskoe Selo, was opened in 1837. 3. Education reform: Nicholas I paid great attention to education. Under him, new universities and educational institutions were opened. However, the educational system was strictly controlled by the state. 4. Censorship and control: Nicholas I introduced one of the strictest censorship systems in Russian history. Control over the press and literature was strict, which led to restrictions on freedom of speech. 5. Interest in technology: Nicholas I showed interest in new technologies and innovations. He supported the development of industry and technical progress in Russia. 6. Relations with the church: Nicholas I maintained close ties with the Russian Orthodox Church and actively used religion to strengthen his power. 7. Personal life: Nicholas I was known for his devotion to his family. He was married to Charlotte of Prussia, who converted to Orthodoxy and became known as Empress Alexandra Feodorovna.